Managing electric vehicles with renewable generation through energy storage and smart grid principles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the most comprehensive method of sustainable transportation because they are environmentally friendly, quiet and low maintenance. However, they suffer from low usability because of the limited distance that can be covered on a single charge, which limits the freedom of transportation. Further, the charging process to restore the initial driving range is relatively long compared with conventional solutions. The only proposed way to improve the distance on a charge is to install a large energy storage system (ESS), which takes up more space, thereby limiting the usability of space by passengers and increasing the weight of the EV. The increased weight and size of the EV also negatively affect the distance range. In addition, the larger size of the battery, which is the main component of the ESS, requires a longer charging time. The current solution for fast charging requires more time than traditional refuelling techniques. This study aims to design, develop and analyse a novel approach for improving the energy consumption of EVs using optimisation techniques. In the first phase of the study, detailed analysis is conducted of the existing systems of EVs to determine which areas can be improved. The outcome of this investigation is used to determine presented loading profile of the various loads in EVs and determine the way to characterise them. These results are applied to design the new architecture for the loads to improve the connectivity of the various components of EVs and introduce interaction between loads. The developed architecture has centralised topology with separated control bus for the safety systems to satisfy the ISO 26262 safety standard. The newly developed system considers various loading requests at the same time to supply the load. The control algorithm schedules the power supply to the selected loads or, in some cases, clips the load request to decrease the momentary energy consumption. To achieve better optimisation, the thermal energy generation is analysed because it has a significant effect on the electric energy consumption in the heating elements. The second part of the developed approach is deep integration of loads with the overall energy flow in EVs. As a result, the recuperated energy in the propulsion system can be transferred to the components of the ESS and to supply the auxiliary loads on demand. The xviii generation units are combined with a photovoltaic system to improve the generation capability of the architecture. One of the key aims of this research is the simulation and experimental study of the developed architecture to identify weak spots in the solution and compare its performance with existing solutions under various solutions that go beyond traditional driving cycles

Principles of inclusive education

In this paper, the principles of inclusive education were considered. In addition, we offered to elaborate and approve the order of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus the Plan for 2018-2023 «On measures to implement the principle of accessibility of education»

ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МОТОРНЫХ МАСЕЛ ДЛЯ СИЛОВЫХ АГРЕГАТОВ, ИЗМЕРЯЕМЫЕ ЕМКОСТНЫМИ ДАТЧИКАМИ

The results of the study sample, depending characteristics of dielectric losses of motor oils with different degrees of aging are given. The technology of controlling the parameters of oil power plants described by means of monitoring systems installed on mobile objects is proposed.Приведены результаты исследования диэлектрических характеристик проб моторных масел в зависимости от времени их эксплуатации. Предложена методика контроля характеристик масел, предназначенных для силовых установок, с помощью емкостных датчиков, что позволяет проводить мониторинг на мобильных (подвижных) технических объектах

On-line auction development: best practices patterns

Describes the patterns by analyzing some aspects of online auctions functionalities with the help of agent paradigm. Patterns of best practices of online auctions can be very useful for the process of such systems development. There are, though, some limitations to these patterns because only social and intentional dimensions were provided for the patterns

Smart Key System Design for Electric Bike for Vietnam Environment

The concept of a smart key that is designed to enrich the usability of an electric bike, to inform the owner about the vehicle status, its current operating conditions and control important security functions is presented in this paper. The developed solution herein provides the capability to perform the basic queries to determine the current conditions of the electric bike, such as the battery charge status, security and external lighting control of the bike to improve personal security. An analysis of the system design process along with the architecture design, the communication system, using ZigBee topology and integration in an existing electric bike are discussed herein. Solutions are proposed to acquire the charge and light control unit status. Results from testing the smart key system are presented and discussed in the paper

Optimized Hardware Design of Low Power and Low Cost Self Driving Multi-Purposes Robotised Platform

Mobile ground robots have become commonly used systems due to the advancements in sensing technologies, image recognition algorithms and wireless communication solutions. Commonly robots are bulky and have low reliability, while having high cost. Most of the technologies have requirements for the human operator presence, which reduces the potential of the fully automated systems. The main technical challenges in the mobile robot operation are the battery life and the processing speed from the sensors. The paper present signal fusion and the hardware circuitry of microcontroller based autonomous rover. The rovers embedded system has opted out from using state of the art sensor, for more power efficient techniques with lower data generation. This in turn reduces the demand for processing power, which enables for less power consumable and cheaper processors. The differential drive system traditionally followed on mobile robots has been modified towards an all-wheel steering all-wheel drive model. This design improves the maneuverability of the rover. The reverse kinematic equations used balanced wheels velocities and turning angles combined with the feedback from the wheel encoders to prevent slippage and improve accuracy

Real-time energy consumption optimisation strategies for electric vehicles on-board systems

Electric Vehicles (EVs) can be characterised as the system with limited available energy resources, which become the big problem for the end-users. The driving distance of EV on a full battery charge is one of the main concern of the buyer as it limits the freedom of the personal transportation systems. The other trend shows that the number of various systems in the modern vehicles is growing to provide higher standards of safety and comfort for the occupants and drivers. The aim of this paper is to develop and implement the real time energy consumption optimisation strategies for the EV to improve the distance between the recharging through the intelligent energy management system through combining the loads to the centralised bus with asynchronous logic processing for the signals rather than increasing the capacity of the battery, as the energy supplier

Concept of intellectual charging system for electrical and plug-in hybrid vehicles in Russian Federation

Electric vehicles have become the most common solution to improve sustainability of the transportation systems all around the world. Despite all benefits, wide adaptation of electric vehicles requires major changes in the infrastructure, including grid adaptation to the rapidly increased power demand and development of the Connected Car concept. This paper discusses the approaches to improve usability of electric vehicles, by creating suitable web-services, with possible connections vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and vehicle-to-grid. Developed concept combines information about electrical loads on the grid in specific direction, navigation information from the on-board system, existing and empty charging slots and power availability. In addition, this paper presents the universal concept of the photovoltaic integrated charging stations, which are connected to the developed information systems. It helps to achieve rapid adaptation of the overall infrastructure to the needs of the electric vehicles users with minor changes in the existing grid and loads